GMDSS-SRC-L1.1

The marine VHF radio and DSC

The marine VHF radio is the small vessel's primary means of communication and of calling for help, and every operator must understand how it works and how to use it. This lesson covers VHF and Digital Selective Calling.

Entry & progression

Certificate: the minimum radio qualification to operate a marine VHF/DSC radio. Required for any vessel with a fixed VHF and for the commercial endorsement of RYA/MCA certificates. Entry: none. Progresses to the GMDSS Restricted (ROC) and General (GOC) operator certificates.

VHF and Digital Selective Calling

Marine VHF is a line-of-sight radio, giving a range of roughly 20-30 miles ship-to-shore and less ship-to-ship, so its range depends on aerial height. Digital Selective Calling (DSC) is a digital layer that lets a radio send a pre-formatted alert — including a distress alert carrying the vessel's identity (its MMSI) and, if connected to GPS, its position — at the press of a button, which other DSC radios and coast stations receive automatically. This transformed distress alerting: instead of hoping someone hears a voice call, a DSC alert reaches everyone in range instantly with the who and where already in it.

  • Every DSC radio has a unique MMSI (Maritime Mobile Service Identity) number identifying the vessel.
  • Connect the radio to a GPS so that a DSC distress alert automatically carries the vessel's position.
  • Channel 16 is the international distress, safety and calling channel, monitored by the coastguard.
  • Use low power (1 W) for short-range working and high power (25 W) only when the range needs it.

WARNING — Guard the distress button The red DSC distress button sends a real distress alert to everyone in range and launches a rescue response. Keep the cover down and press it only in a genuine distress; a false alert wastes rescue resources and is an offence.

TIP — Connect the GPS and set the MMSI A DSC radio is only fully effective with its MMSI programmed and a GPS feed connected. Without the GPS a distress alert carries no position; without the MMSI it cannot identify the vessel.

Practice questions

5 questions
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A DSC distress alert automatically includes the vessel's identity and, if the radio is connected to GPS, its: (a) Fuel level (b) Position (c) Crew list (d) Speed

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Channel 16 is the: (a) Weather channel (b) International distress, safety and calling channel (c) Marina channel (d) Ship-to-ship chat channel

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The range of marine VHF is: (a) Unlimited (b) Roughly line-of-sight, 20-30 miles ship-to-shore, depending on aerial height (c) Thousands of miles (d) Only 1 mile

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An MMSI is: (a) A channel number (b) A unique identity number for the vessel's radio (c) A distress signal (d) A GPS position

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High power (25 W) should be used: (a) Always (b) Only when the range needs it; low power (1 W) for short range (c) Never (d) For chatting nearby

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