HELM-O-L1.2

Human factors, workload and decision-making

Human performance has limits, and the officer must manage them in themselves and the team. This lesson covers fatigue, workload, situational awareness and decision-making.

Managing human performance

The error chain

  • Fatigue and stress degrade performance and judgement — manage rest hours and workload actively.
  • Situational awareness can be lost gradually; watch for the signs and rebuild it deliberately.
  • Use structured decision-making, and question assumptions, especially under pressure or when rushed.
  • Learn from near-misses and errors without blame, to improve the system rather than punish the person.

Fatigue is a genuine safety hazard, impairing judgement much as alcohol does, so managing rest hours under STCW and the MLC is a safety duty rather than an administrative one. Workload that is too high or too low both erode performance, and situational awareness — the accurate picture of what is happening and what will happen next — can slip away without the officer noticing. Structured decision-making and a no-blame culture around near-misses are the tools that keep human performance a strength rather than a weakness.

WARNING — Fatigue is a safety hazard Fatigue impairs judgement like alcohol. Managing rest hours under STCW/MLC is a safety duty, not paperwork, and a tired officer or crew is an accident waiting to happen.

TIP — Question the assumption Many incidents follow an unquestioned assumption — that a light is a certain vessel, that the plotter is right, that the other ship will give way. Structured decision-making deliberately questions the assumption before acting on it.

Practice questions

5 questions
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A key personal and team safety factor an officer must actively manage is: (a) Ignoring rest hours (b) Fatigue and workload (c) Removing all alarms (d) Suppressing team input

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Fatigue impairs judgement: (a) Not at all (b) Much as alcohol does (c) Only in port (d) Only for juniors

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Near-misses are best treated with: (a) Blame and punishment (b) A no-blame approach that improves the system (c) Silence (d) Denial

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Situational awareness can be: (a) Never lost (b) Lost gradually without the officer noticing (c) Bought (d) Ignored safely

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Structured decision-making helps by: (a) Speeding guesses (b) Questioning assumptions before acting (c) Removing thought (d) Ignoring information

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