MASTER-200-L2.2

IRPCS — lights, shapes and sound signals

Recognising vessels by their lights, shapes and sound signals is essential to command at night and in poor visibility, and it is heavily tested. This lesson covers the key patterns.

Lights and shapes

  • Power-driven under way: masthead light(s), red port and green starboard sidelights, and a white sternlight.
  • Sailing vessel under way: sidelights and a sternlight, no masthead steaming light.
  • At anchor: an all-round white light forward (two, plus deck lights, on a larger vessel); one black ball by day.
  • Not under command: two all-round red lights vertically (two black balls by day).
  • Restricted in ability to manoeuvre: red-white-red all-round vertically (ball-diamond-ball by day).

Sound signals

Situation Sound
Power-driven, making way (fog) One prolonged blast every 2 min or less
Power-driven, under way but stopped (fog) Two prolonged blasts every 2 min or less
At anchor (fog) Rapid ringing of the bell for 5 s every minute
Manoeuvring, in sight 1 short = to starboard, 2 = to port, 3 = astern, 5+ = doubt/warning
Common fog and manoeuvring signals.

TIP — Read the vertical light stack Two vertical reds = not under command; red-white-red = restricted in ability to manoeuvre. Learn the vertical patterns as pictures and their meaning follows at a glance in the dark.

Practice questions

5 questions
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A vessel showing two all-round red lights in a vertical line is: (a) At anchor (b) Not under command (c) A pilot vessel (d) Aground only

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Five or more short and rapid blasts mean: (a) Altering to starboard (b) Doubt, or intentions/actions not understood (c) Anchoring (d) Overtaking

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A power-driven vessel making way in fog sounds: (a) Two prolonged blasts (b) One prolonged blast every 2 min or less (c) A bell (d) Nothing

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One short blast from a vessel in sight means: (a) I am altering to starboard (b) I am altering to port (c) My engines are astern (d) I am anchoring

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A single black ball forward by day indicates a vessel: (a) Making way (b) At anchor (c) Not under command (d) Fishing

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