SPA-MT-4.1.1

Contraindications: Absolute, Relative and the Rule of Referral

Sets out absolute and relative contraindications to massage, including DVT, infection, cancer, pregnancy, anticoagulants and diabetes. Establishes the rule of referral: when in doubt, refer to a doctor, do not treat, and document.

The guest mentions, as he lies down, that his calf has been sore and swollen since the flight. He wants you to work on it. You are now the only person on this yacht standing between him and a potentially fatal outcome — and the correct action is to put your hands in your pockets. Contraindications are the most important technical knowledge you will ever carry.

Absolute contraindications: do not treat

Condition Why
Fever or acute infection Systemic illness; massage may worsen and you may spread it
Contagious skin conditions Impetigo, scabies, fungal infection, active herpes lesions
Suspected DVT or blood clot Hot, swollen, painful calf. Emergency — never massage. Call the doctor.
Severe uncontrolled hypertension Cardiovascular risk
Intoxication Cannot consent, cannot give reliable feedback
Recent surgery or acute injury Tissue is healing; you may cause harm
Undiagnosed lumps, severe unexplained pain Needs a doctor, not a therapist

Relative contraindications: do not treat without medical clearance

Condition The rule
Pregnancy Requires specific pregnancy training. First trimester: refer. Never treat without training.
Cancer Oncology massage is a separate specialism. Do not treat on a general qualification.
Diabetes Impaired sensation and skin integrity. Gentle only, no heat, no hot stone.
Epilepsy Avoid stimulating oils; know the guest's seizure plan.
Anticoagulants (warfarin, DOACs) Bruising and bleeding risk. Light pressure only, never deep tissue.
Heart disease, recent cardiac event Doctor clearance first, always
Osteoporosis Fracture risk. Very light pressure or decline.
Varicose veins, bruises, open wounds, recent scars Local contraindication — work around, never over

The rule

If you are in doubt, you do not treat. You refer to a doctor and you document.

Say it kindly and clearly: "I'd love to work on that, but with what you've described I'm not able to treat you safely today until a doctor has looked at it. Let me speak to the chief stew about getting you seen." Then tell the chief stew and, where there is any suspicion of a medical emergency, the captain — the yacht has telemedical support and it exists for exactly this.

Guests will push. They will say it is fine, that their own therapist does it, that they are on holiday. It does not matter. No guest has the authority to override a contraindication, and no insurer will defend you if you let them.

Onboard Notes

  • Hot, swollen, painful calf: never massage. Escalate immediately.
  • Blood thinners means light only — a bruise on an anticoagulated guest is a serious event.
  • Cancer, pregnancy, cardiac: doctor clearance or no treatment.
  • Refer, do not treat, document. Every single time.
  • Preparatory study only. Nothing here qualifies you to treat. Massage requires an accredited vocational qualification (for example ITEC, CIBTAC or VTCT) and professional insurance.

Practice questions

5 questions
recallcore

recall · core

List the absolute contraindications to massage.

recallstretch

recall · stretch

A guest is on anticoagulants. What changes about the treatment?

recallcore

recall · core

State the rule that governs every contraindication decision.

scenariocore

scenario · core

As the guest lies down he mentions his calf has been sore and swollen since the flight, and he wants you to work on it. What do you do?

oralstretch

oral · stretch

A guest with cancer, currently in treatment, asks for a massage and insists his therapist at home does it. How do you handle this?

Independent study. xplor is not an accredited training provider and awards no certificate. This course does NOT qualify you to treat anyone: massage therapy requires an accredited vocational qualification, practical assessment and professional insurance.

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