AEC1-L2.2

Diagnosing and fixing common faults

A few faults account for most engine failures on small craft, and with a little knowledge you can fix them at sea. This lesson covers the common ones and how to work through them logically.

The usual suspects

Symptom Likely cause First action
Turns over but won't start Air in the fuel, blocked filter, no fuel Check fuel; change/bleed the filter; bleed the system
Overheating Blocked raw-water intake, failed impeller, broken belt Clear the strainer; fit a new impeller; fit the belt
Stops or loses power Fuel starvation, dirty filter, water in the fuel Change the filter; drain the water trap; bleed the fuel
No cooling water at exhaust Seacock shut, blocked strainer, failed impeller Open the seacock; clear the strainer; replace the impeller
Common small-diesel faults and first actions.

Bleeding the fuel system

Air in the fuel is the classic diesel stopper: a diesel will not run on fuel that has air in it, and air gets in after a filter change or when the tank runs low. Bleeding removes the air. You loosen the bleed points in order from the filter toward the injectors, work the lift pump until clean fuel free of bubbles comes out, then close each point in turn. Learn your engine's bleed sequence in calm water before you need it in a seaway.

WARNING — Run out of fuel and it won't just restart Running the tank dry lets air into the fuel system, and the engine will not restart until the air is bled out. Keep the tank topped up and know how to bleed the system.

TIP — Work logically, one change at a time Diagnose by the engine's needs — air, fuel, compression, cooling — check the simple, likely things first, and change one thing at a time so you know what fixed it.

Practice questions

5 questions
recallcore

recall · core

A diesel engine that has run out of fuel usually will not restart until you: (a) Replace the injectors (b) Bleed the air out of the fuel system (c) Charge the battery (d) Change the oil

recallcore

recall · core

The most likely cause of a diesel overheating is: (a) Too much oil (b) A cooling-water problem — shut seacock, blocked strainer, failed impeller or broken belt (c) A flat battery (d) Old fuel

recallcore

recall · core

Air gets into the fuel system typically after: (a) Changing the oil (b) Changing a fuel filter or running the tank low (c) Charging the battery (d) Cleaning the deck

recallcore

recall · core

A logical approach to fault-finding is to: (a) Change many parts at once (b) Check the simple, likely things first and change one thing at a time (c) Guess randomly (d) Replace the engine

recallcore

recall · core

Bleeding the fuel system means loosening bleed points and working the lift pump until: (a) The engine starts by itself (b) Clean fuel free of bubbles comes out (c) The battery is charged (d) The oil is warm

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