RYA-THEORY-L2.1

Secondary ports and complex tidal problems

Most harbours are not standard ports with their own tide tables but secondary ports predicted from a nearby standard port, so the coastal navigator must be able to work them. This lesson covers secondary-port calculations and the practical tidal problems they solve.

Working a secondary port

A secondary port is predicted by applying tabulated time and height differences to its associated standard port. The differences for high and low water times, and for the heights at springs and neaps, are listed in the almanac; the navigator interpolates them for the actual range on the day, applies them to the standard port's predictions, and then works the height of tide as normal. The method looks fiddly but is just careful arithmetic, and it is essential because the standard ports are few while the harbours a skipper visits are many.

Finding the height of tide at a secondary port

  1. Look up the day's high and low water times and heights at the standard port.
  2. Take the secondary-port time and height differences from the almanac and interpolate them for the day's range.
  3. Apply the differences to the standard-port times and heights to get the secondary-port predictions.
  4. Work the height of tide at the required time using the tidal curve or the Rule of Twelfths.

WARNING — Interpolate for the day's range Secondary-port differences are given for springs and neaps and must be interpolated for the actual range on the day. Using the spring figure on a neap day, or vice versa, throws the answer out and can put the boat aground.

TIP — Answer the two real questions Tidal work exists to answer two practical questions: what depth is there at a given time, and at what time will I have the depth I need? Frame every calculation as one of those and it stays purposeful.

Practice questions

5 questions
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A secondary port's tidal predictions are found by: (a) Reading them from a chart (b) Applying time and height differences to a standard port (c) Using GNSS altitude (d) Assuming they equal the standard port

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Secondary-port height differences are given for springs and neaps and must be: (a) Ignored (b) Interpolated for the day's actual range (c) Doubled (d) Used only at springs

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The purpose of a secondary-port calculation is usually to find: (a) The wind (b) The depth at a time, or the time a required depth appears (c) The compass error (d) The fuel needed

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The standard port used for a secondary port is the one that is: (a) Largest in the country (b) Associated with it in the almanac, nearby with a similar tidal pattern (c) Furthest away (d) Chosen at random

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After finding the secondary-port HW and LW, the height at a given time is worked using the: (a) Compass rose (b) Tidal curve or Rule of Twelfths (c) Log book (d) Barometer

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